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The characteristic of slow heat-release can make a masonry heater a more convenient option for heating a house, than a metal wood stove. Seating and even beds can be built adjoining the masonry stove this is possible because the heater's exterior surfaces are cool enough to touch safely. Masonry takes longer to heat than metal but once warm, the heater will radiate this heat over a much longer period of time and at a much lower temperature than a metal stove would use (the metal is hot only when there is a fire burning inside the stove and for a short time thereafter). When not being fired, the connection from the masonry heater to the chimney sometimes has a damper to prevent heat from escaping up the chimney the heat is then radiated from the masonry. These absorb heat from the hot exhaust gases before the gases exit into the chimney. It consists of a firebox and heat-exchange channels or partitions that provide additional surface area. It usually requires special support to bear its weight. The stove is made of masonry such as brick ( firebrick), soapstone, tile, stone, stucco, or a combination of materials, rather than steel or cast iron. In particular, a masonry heater is designed specifically to capture and store a substantial portion of the heat energy from a solid fuel fire in the mass of the masonry heater through internal heat exchange flue channels, enable a charge of solid fuel mixed with an adequate amount of air to burn rapidly and more completely at high temperatures in order to reduce emission of unburned hydrocarbons, and be constructed of sufficient mass and surface area such that under normal operating conditions, the external surface temperature of the masonry heater (except in the region immediately surrounding the fuel loading door(s)), does not exceed 110 ☌ (230 ☏)." Ī cocklestove used for central heating, built around 1959. The Chinese developed the same principle into their Kang bed-stove.Ī masonry heater is defined by ASTM International as "a vented heating system of predominantly masonry construction having a mass of at least 800 kg (1,760 lb), excluding the chimney and masonry heater base. In Eastern and Northern Europe and North Asia, these stoves evolved in many different forms and names: for example the Russian stove ( Russian: Русская печь), the Finnish stove (in Finnish: pystyuuni or kaakeliuuni, "tile oven", or pönttöuuni, "bowl oven" for the metal clad version) and the Swedish stove (in Swedish: kakelugn, "tile stove") associated with Carl Johan Cronstedt. Later evolutions came in the Roman hypocaust and Austro-German cocklestove ( Kachelofen, literally "tile oven", or Steinofen, "stone oven"), using the smoke and exhaust of a single fire. of massive blocks of masonry used to retain heat foreshadowed early forms of fire hearths that were used as multifunctional heating sources. These early forms have evolved into modern systems.Įvidence found from 5,000 B.C. Archaeological digs have revealed excavations of ancient inhabitants utilizing hot smoke from fires in their subterranean dwellings, to radiate into the living spaces. The technology has existed in different forms, from back into the Neoglacial and Neolithic periods. Masonry heaters covered in tile are called cocklestoves (also tile stoves or ceramic stoves). A classic Scandinavian style round ceramic stove which fits in the corner of a room.Ī masonry heater (also called a masonry stove) is a device for warming an interior space through radiant heating, by capturing the heat from periodic burning of fuel (usually wood), and then radiating the heat at a fairly constant temperature for a long period.